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The lender underwrites the property's income rather than your salary, which changes every number in the transaction.
| Down payment | 25% to 35%, against 5% to 20% on residential. |
| Term | One to five years, shorter than residential. |
| Amortization | 15 to 25 years. |
| Central test | Debt service coverage from the rent roll, not personal income. |
The fundamental difference from residential. A commercial lender looks at whether the property services its own debt.
Debt service coverage ratio is the central metric: net operating income divided by annual debt service. Most lenders want a meaningful cushion above 1.0, so the property must generate materially more than the payment.
Loan-to-value is lower than residential. Expect to contribute considerably more equity than a home purchase requires.
Amortisation is shorter, and the term rarely matches the amortisation, so a balloon at term end is normal and refinancing is planned rather than optional.
Lender appetite varies sharply by asset class. Multi-residential is generally the most financeable, with the longest amortisations and best leverage. Industrial and retail follow. Special-purpose properties, where the building suits one use only, are the hardest and carry the lowest leverage.
Owner-occupied commercial sits differently again, since the business occupying the space is part of the credit assessment.
Longer and more document-intensive than residential, and the timeline surprises first-time commercial borrowers.
Budget for this taking considerably longer than a residential purchase.
Substantially more than residential. Leverage depends on property type, with multi-residential generally the most favourable.
Net operating income divided by annual debt service. Lenders want the property generating more than the payment, with a cushion.
Generally yes, with shorter amortisations and terms that do not match the amortisation.
Considerably longer than residential. Environmental assessment alone can add months.